Dhanvanthi Handoo Rama Rau (1893–1987) was founder and president of the Family Planning Association of India. She was a Kashmiri, born and brought up in Hubli, and later moved to Madras to join Presidency College. She served as president of the International Planned Parenthood Federation. She married the distinguished economist and diplomat Sir Benegal Rama Rau, a Chitrapur Saraswat Brahmin.
She was awarded the Padma Bhushan by the Indian Government in 1959. Her memoirs have been published under the title "An Inheritance".